自杀未遂者出院18个月应对方式与社会支持的病例对照研究

Case-control study of coping style and social support of suicide attempters at 18 months after the attempt

目的探讨自杀未遂者自杀行为发生后18个月时的应对方式与社会支持。方法采用应对方式问卷、社会支持量表对111例自杀未遂者(自杀后18个月)及与其性别、年龄和居住地匹配的111例无自杀行为者进行调查并比较。结果自杀未遂者问题解决、求助、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分明显低于对照组,而退避、自责得分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值为3.12～6.24,P均小于0.05)。73例无精神疾病自杀未遂者问题解决、求助、客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分明显低于其匹配的对照组,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.48～5.88,P均小于0.05)。有精神疾病自杀未遂组问题解决、求助得分比无精神疾病组明显低,而退避、自责得分明显高于无精神疾病组,差异均有统计学意义(t值为2.22～5.48,P均小于0.05),两组社会支持方面得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论出院18个月时的自杀未遂者应对方式和社会支持系统依然不良,具有持续性。自杀干预工作应努力提高自杀未遂者的应对能力和支持感受,以减少他们再自杀的可能性。

Objective To describe the copying style and social support of suicide attempters 18 months after the attempt.Methods Eighteen months after the suicide attempt,the presence of mental illness was assessed in 111 suicide attempters and 111 controls without prior suicide attempts using coping style and social support questionnaires.Controls were matched the study cases by gender,age and location of residence.Results The scores for mature coping strategies and for social support measures were significantly lower in attempter than in non-attempters.In contrast,the scores on the less mature coping strategy scales were significantly higher in attempter than in non-attempters.The scores for mature coping strategies and social support were still much lower in 73 attempters without a mental illness than in their matched controls.The coping strategies were less mature in attempters with a mental illness than in attempters without a mental illness.However,there was no significant difference in the social support between attempters with and without a mental illness.Conclusions The coping strategies and social support of suicide attempters is still quite poor at 18 months after discharge for the index attempt.It is necessary to improve the coping strategies and strengthen the social support network of suicide attempters to decrease the likelihood of repeat suicidal behavior.