温度和湿度对黄绿青霉菌生长和产毒的影响

Effect of temperature and water activity on growth and toxin production of Penicillium citreoviride

目的在实验室内观察温度和湿度对黄绿青霉菌(PCV)生长情况和产毒的影响。方法用察氏培养基培养黄绿青霉菌,使用真菌培养箱控制温度和湿度,观察黄绿青霉菌在温度和湿度其生长情况,提取产生的黄绿青霉毒素(CIT),用高效液相色谱法检测CIT毒素含量。结果温度从10℃,20℃到30℃,黄绿青霉菌生长情况逐步变好(H=12.869,P=0.002),湿度从0.40、0.60升高到0.80,黄绿青霉菌生长情况亦逐步好转(H=11.715,P=0.003);黄绿青霉菌在温度为10℃、20℃、30℃以及在湿度为0.40、0.60、0.80的条件下均可产毒,产毒量为3.02～5.98 mg。温度对PCV产毒没有影响(F=2.843,P=0.071),湿度对PCV产毒有影响(F=130.252,P<0.000 1),温度和湿度对PCV产毒有交互作用(F=3.184,P=0.024)。结论温度和湿度的提高有利于黄绿青霉菌的生长;温度对黄绿青霉菌产毒影响较小,湿度对黄绿青霉菌产毒影响较大,湿度的提高有利于产毒;温度和湿度对PCV产毒有交互作用,提高温度和湿度可明显提高产毒量。

Objective To observe the effect of temperature and water activity on PCV＇s growth and its toxin production in laboratory.Methods PCV was cultured on Czapek＇s medium in different condition,CIT was extracted and quantitated by HPLC.Result Growth was faster at humidity of 0.90 and slower at the reduced humidity of 0.50,growth was faster at 30 ℃ and slower at 10 ℃;the fungi did not differ in production of toxin in different temperature;quantities of CIT was uniform in different water activity.PCV produced more CIT at the humidity of 0.90.Conclusion Condition of water activity and temperature affect growth of Penicillium citreoviride;water activity is important environmental factor determining PCV＇s production of toxin.