软骨修复和置换中纤维软骨和透明软骨谱系的可塑性和细胞生物学特性

Lineage plasticity and cellular biological characteristics of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage in cartilage repair and replacement

背景:软骨修复是现代组织工程一个主要目标,制造出新型工程移植物需要对被置换或再造组织的基本生物学性状有充分了解。目的:讨论软骨修复中用于软骨组织工程的细胞来源和提高分化的培养条件,尤其是细胞浓度、细胞因子、负载、基质以及氧张力等因素的作用。方法:计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中文学术期刊全文数据库、维普资讯网及PubMed数据库1997-01/2009-06相关文章,检索词为"软骨损伤,软骨修复,cartilage injury;cartilage repair"。此外还手工查阅相关专著数部。纳入软骨组织工程的细胞来源的研究。软骨修复中提高分化的培养条件的研究。软骨修复生物学特征以及临床尝试修复的处境研究结果与结论:外科医生们在清创修复全层创伤性缺损过程中,通过软骨基底缺损清创暴露邻近关节表面的骨髓内干细胞。此时,事实上已利用了软骨干细胞了。同样可以向缺损区添加分化的软骨细胞,再覆盖以骨膜,形成的细胞临界细胞浓度激活SOX-9表达。目前对于改变施于细胞的负载、化学和基质环境因素更加精细的科学手段的研究仍处在初期。以下几点务必注意:组织解剖结构如何决定着修复以及损伤的性质,有必要确保自然和人工组织的生物整合,防止一些自然现象阻碍科技手段在临床中恰当的使用。

BACKGROUND：Cartilage repair is the main target of tissue engineering,which need better understanding of cellular biological characteristics.OBJECTIVE：To discuss the sources and culture conditions,especially effective factors,such as cell concentration,cytokine,matrix,as well as oxygen tension in cartilage repair.METHODS：Chinese Biomedical Database,CNKI,VIP and PubMed were retrieved by computer using keyd words of ＂cartilage injury;cartilage repair＂ both in Chinese and English.Additionally,related books were manual retrieved.And the literature concerning cartilage sources,culture conditions that promote differentiation,as well as Cellular biological characteristics of cartilage repair were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS：During repair of defects with debridement,stem cells in bone marrow were exposed,which participated in reparation.Similarly,when adding chondrocytes into defect area,followed by periosteum coverage,the formed cell density could activate the expression of SOX-9.Up to date,the controlling methods of load,chemistry and matrices are still at the starting step.Thus,it is necessary to biological integrate natural materials with artificial tissues to provide a better understanding of cartilage repair in clinic.