慢性肺动脉栓塞实验动物模型构建的技术进展

Technique progress in establishing an experimental animal model of chronic pulmonary embolism

目的:综述国内外关于慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension,CTEPH)实验动物模型构建技术的研究概况。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库2006/2009相关文章,检索词为"model of pulmonary thromboembolism"。同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库2003/2009相关文章,检索词为"肺动脉栓塞,实验"。此外还手工查阅相关专著数部。纳入标准:①文章所述内容应与CTEPH实验研究相关,包括慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压流行病学,不同实验动物及不同制备方式。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。排除标准:①重复研究。②Meta分析。结果与结论:目前用于CTEPH模型制备的实验动物主要有犬、猪和鼠等。很多研究者都尝试模仿深静脉血栓形成后,多次急性肺栓塞事件所导致的CTEPH形成机制,建立CTEPH验动物模型。建立犬CTEPH模型主要有反复自体血凝块注入法及陶瓷念珠输入法,可用于CTEPH病理生理特点、数字剪影检查、解剖研究以及肺动脉内膜剥脱手术和介入治疗等干预治疗血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的研究与影像学诊断技术的研究。建立猪CTEPH模型主要采用体外注入栓子法,可用于影像技术诊断CTEPH研究。建立鼠CTEPH模型主要采用反复自体血凝块注入法与肺动脉结扎法,可用于CTEPH病理生理及诊断方面研究。目前对CTEPH的研究主要是使用犬、猪和鼠实验动物模型,各有优缺点,在具体的实验研究中需根据实验目的和设计选择适当的实验动物及制作方法,以便取得最佳的实验结果。

OBJECTIVE：To summarize the research of construction of animal models of chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension（CTEPH）.METHODS：The computer-based search was done in PubMed database from 2006 to 2009,with the keyd words of model of pulmonary thromboembolism＂.Simultaneously,CNKI was retrieved for articles published from 2003 to 2009,with the keyd words of ＂pulmonary embolism,experiment＂.Moreover,relevant book was retrieved by hand.Inclusion criteria：articles should address CTEPH experimental studies,including CTEPH epidemiology,different experimental animals and various preparation manners.Articles of the same circle published in recent years or in authorized journal.Exclusion criteria：repetitive study;Meta analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Experimental animals for CTEPH model preparation included dog,pig and rat.Many researchers tried to imitate CTEPH mechanism induced by multiple acute pulmonary embolism to establish animal models of CTEPH following deep venous thrombosis.To establish dog CTEPH models mainly contained repetitive autoblood clot injection and ceramics bead input,which could be used in study of thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension and imaging diagnostic technique,composing CTEPH pathophysiological characteristics and digital scissors-shadow tests,anatomy study,pulmonary artery and interventional therapy.In vitro injection embolus was mainly utilized to establish pig CTEPH models,followed by imaging technique to diagnose CTEPH.Repetitive autoblood clot injection and pulmonary artery ligation were employed to establish rat CTEPH models,which could be used for the study of CTEPH pathophysiology and diagnosis.At present,CTEPH study mainly used dog,pig and rat models,with advantages and disadvantages.In precise studies,suitable animals and preparation methods should be selected according to experimental objective and design to obtain an optimal experimental result.