广西元宝山中山针阔叶混交林的群落特征

On community characteristics of mid-mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Yuanbaoshan Mountain of Guangxi

采用样地调查法对广西元宝山中山针阔叶混交林的种类组成、分布区类型、生活型谱和叶片特征等进行了调查和分析。结果表明：该针阔叶混交林种类组成较丰富、物种多样性程度较高,共有维管植物96科201属379种,其中,蕨类植物19科26属33种,种子植物77科175属346种。在种子植物中,单种科和少种科（2~5种）所占比例较大（41.6%和32.5%）,蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）、樟科（Lauraceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、冬青科（Aqu ifoliaceae）、禾本科（G ram ineae）、山矾科（Symp locaceae）和百合科（L iliaceae）种类较多,并含有较多起源古老的残遗植物。该针阔叶混交林的种子植物属共有12个分布区类型,其中,中国特有分布属4属,分别是长苞铁杉属（NothotsugaHu ex Page）、棱果花属（BartheaHook.f.）、匙叶草属（LatoucheaFranch.）和马铃苣苔属（O reocharisBenth.）;热带分布型属和温带分布型属占绝对优势（53.6%和44.0%）,且热带成分所占比例略高于温带成分,表明该群落植物区系表现为明显的亚热带山地性质。群落中以高位芽植物为主（60.4%）,藤本植物和地面芽植物也占有较高比例（12.1%和11.1%）。群落的叶级以小型叶为主（55.4%）,叶片特征以单叶（85.8%）、革质叶（52.6%）和全缘叶（61.2%）为主。此外,在群落的乔木层上层,针叶树种、落叶阔叶树种和常绿阔叶树种的比例分别为23.1%、34.6%和42.3%,表明该群落的中山针阔叶混交林特点十分明显。

Using sampling investigating method,the species composition,distribution type,life-form spectrum and leaf characteristics of mid-mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Yuanbaoshan Mountain of Guangxi were analyzed.The results show that species composition of the forest is richer and species diversity is also higher.There are 379 species of vascular plants belonging to 201 genera and 96 families,in which there are 33 species pteridophyte belonging to 26 genera and 19 families and 346 species spermatophyte belonging to 175 genera and 77 families.Among spermatophyte,the families of single species and few species（2-5 species） occupy a high proportion（41.6% and 32.5%）,and the species belonging to Rosaceae, Ericaceae,Theaceae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,Aquifoliaceae,Gramineae,Symplocaceae and Liliaceae are much more,and there are many ancient origin relic plants.The generic distribution type of spermatophyte can be divided into twelve floristic components.In which,endemic to China has four genera including Nothotsuga Hu ex Page,Barthea Hook.f.,Latouchea Franch.and Oreocharis Benth.,and the tropical and temperate components occupy a very higher proportion（53.6% and 44.0%） and the percentage of tropical component is slightly higher than that of temperate component,it means that the community flora has an obvious subtropical mountain character.Phanerophyte is dominant with a percentage of 60.4% in the forest community,while liana and hemicryptophyte also have relatively higher percentage of 12.1% and 11.1%,respectively.Otherwise,leaf scale is mainly microphyll with a percentage of 55.4%,leaf characteristics are mainly simple,leathery and entire leaf with the percentages of 85.8%,52.6% and 61.2%,respectively.In upper arbor layer,the percentages of coniferous,deciduous broad-leaved and evergreen broad-leaved species are 23.1%,34.6% and 42.3%,respectively,it means that the forest community possesses a very obvious characteristics of mid-mountain coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.