论清代士人的道德生活

On Moral Life of Scholars in the Qing Dynasty

作为接受了"经学"教育的清代士人,彼此之间所处的生存境遇存在着明显的区别,这使整个清代士人的道德生活相对于以往朝代而言变得更为复杂。由于商品经济的发展和满族的统治,他们在现实生活中不得不重新考量以往儒家所提倡的义利、理欲及政治伦理观念,以便根据变化了的实际生活需要来调整自己的道德行为,同时又会表明自己对满族宰制整个社会的态度,这种态度受其民族意识和民族道德的影响。

Because the living situations of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty who had accepted Chinese traditional education differed from one to another, their moral life was more complicated than that of the scholars who lived in previous dynasties. With the development of commodity economy and the ruling of the Manchu people, scholars in the Qing Dynasty had to reconsider the ideas of justice, profits, rightness, desires, and political ethics that were previous advocated by Confucius, so as to adapt their own ethical behaviors to the changed actual life. Meanwhile, they also expressed their attitude towards the ruling of the Manchu people which was influenced by their ethnic consciousness and morality.