从主客对立到主体间性——论20世纪西方文学批评范式的转向

From the Subject-object Opposition to Inter-subjectivity——On the Transformation of Western Literary Criticism Paradigm in the 20th Century

文学批评是以一定文学观念为指导的文学解释活动。不同的文学观念,决定了批评家看待文本的态度以及解释文本的方式,进而影响了批评活动的目的和意义。综观20世纪的西方文学史,随着文学观念从本质论到对话论的转变,文学批评也经历了从主客对立范式到主体间性范式的转向。在后期后现代思潮语境中,文学批评则转向以文化研究为主导的"后现代批评形态"。

Literary criticism is an activity of literary interpretation guided by certain literary concepts. Different literary concepts determine the critics＇ attitude to the texts and ways to interpret them and thereby influence the purpose and significance of criticism activities. Making a comprehensive review of the western literary history in the 20th century, one may find that, with the transformation from essentialism to dialogic theory, literary criticism also has experienced a change from Subject-object Opposition paradigm to Inter-subjectivity paradigm. In the context of words of the later postmodernism, literary criticism has shifted to ＂post-modern criticism ＂ headed by culture studies.