“地下”的参照体系与匹配限制

The Reference System of "Dixia(地下)" and Its Matching Restriction

本文认为单一参照是相对的,参照体系是绝对的。表示地面上意义的"地下",不能用单一参照来解释说明。"地下"的参照体系包括方向参照和位置参照两个方面。"地下"的参照体系里,的确涉及到人(但不限于说话者),但"地"仍然有参照作用,跟"地上"里的"地"一样,它仍然是背景物,是赖以确定位置的实体。"地下"的用法有单用和对举两种情况,只有在单用时才要求目的物的高度必须是可以俯视的,这是"地下"参照体系限制的结果。也是在参照体系限制之下,"地下"的使用具有"低位效应","地下"所承载的目的物总是处在相对较低的位置。

This thesis suggests that the single reference is relative, whereas the reference system is absolute. The ＂dixia＂ which means ＂on the ground＂ can not be explained by single reference. The reference system of ＂dixia＂ consists of direction reference and location reference. Although the reference system of ＂dixia＂ concerns with people （not limits to speakers）, ＂di （地）＂ can still function as a reference, since it is the object in background, the substance which used to determine the location, which is the same as the ＂di＂ in ＂ ~shang （地上）＂. ＂dixia＂ can be used independently and contrastively. Only when used independently, it requires the height of goal can be overlooked. This is the result of the restriction of reference system of ＂dixia＂. In this restriction of reference system, the use of ＂dixia＂ has a ＂low-position effect＂, which means the goal by ＂dixia＂ is always on a comparatively low position. bearing