2[5]Schaeffer AJ.Infections of the urinary tract.In:Walsh PC.Campbell's Urology.8th ed.Philadelphia:Saunders,2002.513-602.
3[6]Ng CK,Yip SK,Sim LS,et al.Outcome of percutaneous nephrostomy for the management of pyonephrosis.Asian J Surg,2002,25:215-219.
4Strezin M,Hofman R,Stoller M L. Pyonephrosis:Diagnosis and treatment. Br J Urol,1992,70:360- 362.
5Spencer J A,Chahaql R,kelly A,et al. Evaluation of painful hydronephrosis in pregnancy: magnetic resonance urographic patterns in physiological dilatation versus calculous obstruction. J Urol,2004,171:256-260.
3Mariappan P, Smith G, Moussa SA, et al. One week of ciprofloxa- cin before pereutaneous nephrolithotomy significantily reduces up- per tract infection and urosepsis: a prospective controlled study [J]. BJU Int, 2006,98(5) :1075-1079.
4Singla M, Srivastava A, Kapoor R. Aggressive approach to stag- horn calculi-safety and efficacy of multiple tracts percutaneous nephrolithotomy [ J ]. Urology, 2008,71 (6) : 1039-1042.
5Hoznek A, Rode J, Ouzaid I, et al. Modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large kidney and ureteral stones : technique and results[ J]. Eur Urol, 2012,61 ( 1 ) : 164-170.
6Labate G, Modi P, Timoney A, et al. The percutaneous nephro- lithotomy global study: classification of complications [ J ]. J En- dourol, 2011,25 ( 8 ) : 1275-1280.
