覆膜对不同施肥条件下玉米苗期生长和光合及生理参数的影响

EFFECTS OF PLASTIC FILM MULCHING ON GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CORN RECEIVING DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS AT SEEDLING STAGE

在田间试验条件下,研究了东北早春低温条件下,覆膜对不同施肥处理下玉米苗期生长、光合及生理参数的影响。结果表明:(1)覆膜对玉米苗期生长的影响与施肥条件有关。不覆膜情况下,除NPK处理能够显著增加玉米地上部干重外,其余施肥处理对苗期玉米地上部干重影响不显著。覆膜处理能够显著增加玉米地上部的干重,增幅为27.8%～126.3%。其中以单施磷肥的处理,覆膜处理对玉米地上部干重的影响较大,增幅为126.3%,施用氮磷钾肥料处理的影响最小,增幅仅为27.8%。(2)覆膜对玉米叶片光合及生理参数的影响同样也受施肥条件的影响。覆膜处理能够明显增加各施肥处理玉米叶片的蒸腾速率,而对气孔限制值没有显著影响;能明显增加CK、N、P处理玉米叶片光合速率、气孔导度,显著提高N、P处理的水分利用率,而对其他施肥处理影响不显著。上述结果表明,在东北地区玉米生产过程中,覆膜栽培应该根据土壤养分情况综合考虑玉米的施肥。

In order to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching（PFM） on corn,the effects of PFM were studied in the present paper on the growth and photosynthetic parameters of corn receiving different fertilizers at seedling stage in the field condition.The results were presented as follows：（1） The effects of PFM on corn growth depended on the fertilization.Without the presence of PFM,the dry weight of corn plant was significantly increased by the NPK treatment,however,no effect of other fertilizer treatments was observed on dry weight of corn plant.PFM could significantly increase the dry weight by 27.85 ～ 126.3% .The strongest effect of PFM was observed on the growth of corn,which receives the phosphorus fertilizer along,with the increase of dry weight by 126.3% .The weakest effect of PFM was observed on the growth of corn,which receives the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers together,with the increase of dry weight of corn plant only by 27.8% .（2） Effects of PFM on photosynthetic and physiological parameters also atributed to fertilization.PFM treatments could obviously inprove transpiration rate（Tr）,and had no significant effects on stomatal limitation value（Ls ） of leaves of corn receiving different fertilizers.PFM could significantly enhance photosynthetic rate（Pn）,stomatal conductance（Gs） of leaves of corn in the treatments of CK,N,and P,could also significantly increase the water use efficiency（WUE） of leaves of corn in the treatments of N,and P,with no significant effects on these parameters of leaves of corn in other treatments.For example,PFM increased the photosynthetic rates of leaves of corn by 89.2% 、49.2% and 28.1% ,respectively,in the treatments of CK,N,and P,compared to the corresponding treatments without PFM.All these results indicated that the conditions of nutrients in soils and fertilization should be considered when PFM were used in corn production in Northeastern China.