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斯里兰卡破坏珊瑚礁的环境经济状况

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摘要 珊瑚礁对于很多人,特别是发展中国家沿海地区的人口来说是一种非常重要的资源。有关斯里兰卡和东南亚珊瑚礁的有效信息已被用来评价珊瑚礁所提供的生态作用和从一些生态系统功能中所得到的长期的经济效益。据估计,斯里兰卡珊瑚礁的经济价值为20年时间里每平方公里礁的价值为14万~7500万美元。在调查了开采珊瑚的经济后果并分析了经营20多年的旅游区后发现,其经济成本(11万~736万美元)超过净收益(75万~167万美元)661万美元之多。最大成本和旅游业(200万~300万美元)的衰落和侵蚀(100万~400万美元)的增加有关。然而,由于从短期的角度来看,从开采珊瑚中得到的利益比从捕鱼和农业中得到的还多,所以在农村,仍然有开采珊瑚的刺激。这些结果对于管理会产生一定的影响并且还表明,通过立法来禁止沿海地区开采珊瑚礁的行为,对国家的经济发展有好处。
出处 《人类环境杂志》 1998年第8期625-632,共8页
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