磺酰脲类除草剂残留的微生物降解研究进展

Research Progress of Microbial Degradation of the Sulfonylurea Herbicides

磺酰脲类除草剂是一类高效、低毒和高选择性的除草剂,此类除草剂能有效地防除阔叶杂草,其中有些品种对禾本科杂草也有抑制作用。由于该类除草剂易残留药害及容易对地表水造成污染,因而其在环境中的持久性和环境安全性备受人们关注。本文综述了磺酰脲类除草剂的应用概况及其作用机理、降解磺酰脲类除草剂的常见微生物种类及影响微生物降解效率的因素,最后展望了微生物修复技术与抗除草剂的转基因作物是解决除草剂残留药害的最佳途径。

Sulfonylurea herbicides are a kind of high efficiency, low toxicity and good crop selective herbicides, such herbicides can be used to control of broadleaf weeds effectively, some varieties even can inhibit grass weeds efficiently. Because of this class herbicides＇ residual toxicity to crop rotation and also to surface water, thus people should pay more attention to their persistence and environmental safety. This paper reviews the general application, the mode of action of sulfonylurea herbicides and the variety of microorganisms capable of degrading sulfonylurea herbicides, the factors that affect the efficiency of microbial degradation, finally prospect that the best ways to resolve herbicide residues are microbial remediation technology and herbicide-resistant transgenic crops.