中国古代注音法“反切”的中印文化渊源

Chinese Ancient Phonetic Method Fanqie's Sino-Indian Cultural Origins

追溯中国汉语语音研究的历史,汉末反切的发明是其肇端。对于反切之起源问题的考释,当将研究视角定位在对音节两分的审音能力的形成——反切是如何产生的——这一问题域。在字母、四声、韵书还没有出现之时,作为用两个字为一个字注音的方法的反切首先出现,它不完全是土生土长的产物,也不完全是来自西域梵语,而是中印文化交流的产物。本土音节分析能力的积淀,是反切产生的内在因素、产生的沃土;伴随佛教而来的梵文拼音原理的传入,是反切产生的契机。在二者的共同作用之下,产生了在中国运用时间达近两千年之久的反切。

To trace the origin of the Chinese language speech,the invention of Fanqie during the last years of the Han dynasty is its source. This paper pays attention to the problem domain of the origin of Fanqie. Before the letters,the four tones of classical Chinese phonetics and rhyming dictionary,Fanqie,which is a traditional method of indicating the pronunciation of a Chinese character by using two other Chinese characters （the first one having the same consonant as the given character and the second one having the same vowel and tone has appeared. It did not be born and brought in classical Chinese and it did not come from the Sanskrit. It was a product of SinoIndian cultural exchanges. The local syllable analysis is its internal factors generated,and the Sanskrit alphabet with principles of Buddhism from the introduction of the Sanskrit alphabet,is the resultant chance. Under the joint action of the above,the Fanqie,which was used over the past two thousand years,come into being.