耕作和秸秆覆盖对苹果园土壤水分及养分的影响

The Effect of Tillage and Mulching on Apple Orchard Soil Moisture and Soil Fertility

为了揭示土壤耕作和秸秆覆盖对苹果园土壤保蓄水性能及土壤肥力的影响,研究设置了以土壤耕作(免耕、翻耕、旋耕)为主处理,秸秆覆盖(秸秆覆盖、无覆盖)为副处理的裂区试验,对比分析了各处理果园土壤水分贮量、土壤肥力等性状。结果表明,免耕裸地与翻耕裸地处理的保蓄水效应在果树不同生长期表现不同,在5月份免耕裸地处理1 m土层内土壤贮水量高于翻耕裸地处理,而在10月份免耕裸地处理显著低于翻耕裸地处理;秸秆覆盖各处理1 m土层内土壤贮水量均明显高于无覆盖各处理,耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合在整个土壤水分测定过程中均以免耕秸秆覆盖土壤贮水量最高且较稳定;耕作与秸秆覆盖相结合显著提高了有机质含量,土壤速效肥含量明显增加,各处理以翻耕秸秆覆盖及免耕秸秆覆盖土壤养分含量为最高。在渭北洛川苹果生产基地,采用免耕秸秆覆盖技术能起到较好的保蓄水作用,土壤肥力明显增加。

To study the effect of soil tillage and straw mulching on apple orchard in the Weibei plateau,field experiment on apple orchard soil moisture reserves,soil fertility in two conditions of straw mulching and no mulching under three kinds of tillage management of no tillage,plow tillage and rotary tillage have been conducted.The results indicated that the effect of soil moisture storing and preserving between soil tillage（no tillage,plow tillage） is different.The soil moisture storage of no-tillage is the highest and plow tillage is the lowest in May in soil layer of 0-1 m,but the soil moisture storage of no-tillage is the lowest and plow tillage is the highest in September in soil layer of 0-1 m,in the whole monitoring process of soil moisture,the soil poundage in 1 m soil layer of straw mulching was significantly higher than the no straw mulching treatments,the soil moisture of no tillage straw mulching,plow tillage straw mulching and rotary tillage straw mulching was 48.86 mm,34.01 mm and 21.26 mm more than that of the treatment of no straw mulching in September.The poundage of treatment of no-tillage straw mulching was the best and more stable in all treatments,the effect of fertilizer of plow tillage straw mulching was the highest in all treatments,followed by the no-tillage straw.In the Weibei Loess Plateau of apple production base,the use of no-tillage straw mulch technology can play a better role in the ability of water storing and preserving,and the soil fertility increased significantly.