化学品实验室安全管理的研究

Safety Management of Chemical Laboratories

目的系统阐述并探讨实验室中化学品的安全管理方法,有效填补我国实验室安全管理特别是生物实验室安全管理相关内容之缺失。方法通过对实验室安全管理情况调查及管理漏洞的梳理,从我国危险化学品管理的法规与标准体系、危险化学品的分类和定义、化学品的暴露途径和毒性作用、化学品的危险度评估、化学品贮存和使用的注意事项、化学品泄漏时的应急处置、废弃化学品的处置、压缩气体使用注意事项,以及化学品引发火灾时的灭火方法等方面进行阐述与探讨。结果提出了化学品的危险度评估、化学品的贮存和使用、化学品泄漏时的应急处置、废弃化学品处置的具体方法。结论本研究填补了我国实验室安全管理特别是生物实验室安全管理相关内容之缺失,为我国各类实验室化学品的安全管理提供了科学依据。

Objective To effectively fill up the gap in the contents concerning safety management of domestic laboratories and especially biological laboratories by virtue of elaborating a safety management method for chemicals in laboratories.Methods By investigating laboratory safety management and sorting out management loopholes,safety management contents of chemical laboratories were elaborated and discussed in terms of Chinese code and standard system for management of hazardous chemicals,classification and definition of hazardous chemicals,exposure approaches and toxicity of chemicals,hazard evaluation,storage and notices for use of chemicals,emergency treatment in case of chemical leakage,disposal of waste chemicals,notices for use of compressed gas,and extinguishing methods in case of a fire caused by chemicals,etc.Results A specific method has been proposed for hazard evaluation,storage and use of chemicals,emergency treatment in case of chemical leakage and disposal of waste chemicals.Conclusion Through the discussion on and proposal of the chemical laboratory management method,this paper has filled up the gap in the contents concerning safety management of domestic laboratories and especially biological laboratories and provided scientific basis for safety management of various laboratory chemicals.