某电解铝厂工作场所空气中氟化物浓度调查分析

Fluoride Concentration in the Workplace of Electrolytic Aluminium Factory

目的探讨电解铝车间空气中氟化物在各作业点的分布及作业工人个体接触水平,提出预防措施及作业工人现场操作时应注意的事项。方法依据GBZ 159-2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、GBZ/T 160.36-2004《工作场所空气有毒物质的测定氟化物》,对电解铝车间进行定点采样,并对作业人员进行个体采样。结果电解车间主要工作岗位氟化物浓度的超限倍数虽然符合最大超限倍数的要求,但换阳极和抬包清理岗位氟化物浓度较高,其中换阳极岗位为3.00 mg/m3,抬包清理岗位为3.66 mg/m3;主要工种电解槽维修工接触氟化物浓度超标(2.70 mg/m3),其余工种均符合接触限值的要求。结论氟化物是电解铝厂的主要职业病危害因素,在其主要工作场所电解车间及相关工序换阳极、电解槽维修、抬包清理氟化物浓度过高,可对作业工人的身体健康造成职业危害,应加强职业健康监护。

Objective To discuss the exposure level for individual workers and the distribution of fluoride in the air of each workshop,put forward preventive measures and attention when workers are at work.Methods According to Specifications of Air Sampling for Hazardous Substances Monitoring in the Workplace（GBZ 159-2004） and Method for Toxic Substance in the Air of Workplace Fluoride（GBZ/T 160.36-2004）,fixed point sampling and individual sampling were carried out in the potrooms.Results The fluoride concentration in main posts of the potrooms accorded with the limits and it was below the maximum.However,the fluoride concentrations in posts of the anode and package clean-up were relatively high（3.00 mg/m3 and 3.66 mg/m3）.The fluoride concentrations where maintenance workers contacted with the electrolyzer exceeded the limits（2.70 mg/m3）,the rests were in accordance with the limits of exposure level.Conclusion Fluoride is the main occupational hazards in electrolytic aluminium factories,fluoride concentration were high in the potrooms,posts of the anode and package clean-up.Meanwhile,electrolyzer maintenance workers contact with high concentration of fluoride.So occupational health surveillance should be strengthened to prevent occupational diseases.