城市河流生态修复的环境价值及实现机制

Environmental value of urban river eco-restoration and its realization mechanism

探讨了城市河流环境价值的内涵、分类体系及常用度量方法,并以上海市长宁区的河流生态修复为案例,测算其环境价值,分析其投入产出。据此分析我国城市河流生态修复资金短缺的原因,探讨城市河流生态修复的环境价值实现机制。计算结果表明:(1)生态修复后的城市河流环境价值增值显著,本案例总计约为4.7亿元/年,相当于2007年长宁区GDP的1.22%,年均产出投入比为14.63;(2)城市河流生态修复的正外部经济效应显著,河流沿线居民和企业是最大的受益者;(3)政府进行河流两岸统一开发、水资源定价、税费征收与转移支付是城市河流生态修复环境价值的主要实现途径;(4)营造全社会参与河流保护氛围,并使公众理解城市河流环境价值,是价值实现的关键步骤。

Classification system for environmental value of urban river eco-restoration（EVURER） was established based on the analysis on connotation of environmental value of urban river,and methods for evaluation were summarized.The urban river eco-restoration scheme in Changning District of Shanghai was taken as a case to study the environmental value of river eco-restoration.The value was measured by using direct market method,replacement cost method,hedonic pricing method,and contingent valuation method,et al.According to the calculation results,the cause of lacking fund for urban river eco-restoration were analyzed and mechanism of realizing environmental value of urban river eco-restoration was preliminarily studied.The result shows that：（1） the environmental value of Changning District increases significantly after restoration with total amount that is equivalent to 1.22% of GDP in this district in 2007,and the ratio of annual output to input is 14.63;（2） the external economic effects of urban river eco-restoration are significant,while the residents and businesses along the river are the biggest beneficiaries;（3） drawing up river cross-strait development plan,setting a right price for water resources,collecting of taxes and fees,and then transfering payments to the funds for urban river eco-restoration are the effective ways to realize the environmental value of urban river eco-restoration;（4） the participation of all people in river protection and more people fully understand the meaning of environmental value of urban river eco-restoration are crucial to the realization of environmental value.