人胎儿中枢神经系统星形胶质细胞形态发育的观察

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY ON HUMAN CNS ASTROCYTES

为观察人胎儿中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）星形胶质细胞（ａｓｔｒｏｃｙｔｅ，Ａｓｔ）形态发育。用胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）抗体进行免疫组织化学染色。结果表明：（１）在颈段脊髓、脑干、海马和小脑蚓部于胚胎２５周其ＧＦＡＰ染色强度、细胞密度接近出生时水平。而此时期大脑皮层Ａｓｔ密度约为出生时的四分之一。（２）在同一胎龄ＣＮＳ的不同部位，ＧＦＡＰ阳性Ａｓｔ分布不均匀。（３）Ａｓｔ不仅在毛细血管周围，而且在小血管周围密度大，染色深，环绕血管呈辐射状排列。（４）人胎脑ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞不具有典型的Ⅰ、Ⅱ型Ａｓｔ特点，可见单突起、少突起、中间型和多突起４种类型。这提示，人胎儿ＣＮＳ星形胶质细胞发育表现为形态上逐渐成熟和数量上逐渐增加。

To understand the development of astrocytes in human fetal central nervous system(CNS),immunohistochemical staining with anti GFAP antibody. Results as follows;(1) At 25th week of fetal age, the staining intensity and cell density almost equalled to that at birth in cervical spinal cord, brainstem, hippocampus, and vermis of cerebellum; while there are only 1/4 cell densities in cerebral cortex. (2) In the different brain areas of the same fetal age, the distribution of GFAP positive astrocytes in different.(3) The astrocytes radially surrounded the capillaries and the small blood vessels, where the stronger staining and increased number were observed. (4)In the developing human CNS, no typical type Ⅰand type Ⅱ astrocytes were seen with anti GFAP immunohistochemical staining, but there were following 4 types of GFAP positive astrocytes: monoprocess, oligoprocess, intermediate and multiprocess astrocytes. The development of human fetal astrocytes presents the morphological maturation and increase in number progressively, but it was not identical in different areas of CNS.