水体沉积物多环芳烃源解析技术研究进展

Research advances in the source apportionment of PAHs in sediment

水体沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染对生态系统和人体健康产生的潜在危害日益严重,许多学者利用各种源解析技术研究沉积物中多环芳烃的来源,以更好地保护水体生态环境。从多环芳烃的物理化学性质和受体模型两方面出发,介绍了现行判断水体沉积物pAHs污染来源的方法,概述应用这些方法的基本原理。根据多环芳烃的物理化学性质可以初步定性解析主要污染源,而受体模型主要是根据受体各污染物质浓度解析所有污染源的贡献,最后从这两个方面出发初步探讨了水体沉积物多环芳烃源解析技术发展趋势和新方法。

The article is inclined to present its author＇s review on the research advances in the source apportionment of PAHs in sediment. As is known, in recent years, PAHs from the sediments of water bodies has brought about increasingly potential harms to the ecosystems and human health, which has aroused more and more attention. However, such pollutions originate both from natural and anthro-pogenic processes. Statistics indicates that far more PAHs input found in aquatic sediments come from the anthropogenic dumping rather than from natural sources. Therefore, scholars and experts appeal for environmental protection and nature-saving while making efforts to solve the problems involving the PAHs sources in the sediments. Based on the research results, policies and measures for effective pollution prevention and environment protection, particularly those on aquatic eco-environment protection, this paper has brought about a number of approaches to identifying PAHs pollution in sediments, mainly from the point of view of respecting the physical and chemical properties and the receptor models of PAHs. Our reviews are also oriented on the study of the basic principles and theories of such methods as well. In this connection, we have made preliminary qualitative analysis of the essential pollution sources, based on the physical and chemical properties, that is, approaches that may include molecular markers approach, molecular marker ratios, relative abundance, index method and the stable carbon isotopic composition Of individual PAHs, etc. The approaches on receptor models are also Used to analyze the contributions of all the major pollution sources from the concentration profiles of pollutants found in the receptors. The approach of receptor models mainly consists of factor analysis with multivariate linear regression （FA/MLR）, chemical mass balance model （CMB） and positive matrix factorization （PMF）. And, finally, this paper has also made an initial discussion on the newly proposed approaches and the developmental technical trends of PAHs pollution apportionment in the sediment of water bodies from the two aspects above. Of course, further refinement and development are needed so as to provide more comprehensive judgment and assessment on the source of PAHs in sediments.