基于模糊层次综合法的起重机安全性评价

Safety assessment on the crane based on FAHP

针对国内外起重机安全评估方法的缺失和不足,基于模糊综合评价法与层次分析法相结合的方法,以在役通用桥式起重机为例,建立通用桥式起重机安全评价模型,对其安全性进行定性和定量化评价,最后给出整机的安全等级及评价因子对系统安全的贡献程度。企业可根据评价结果提出具体的整改方案以有效地防止事故的发生。对实例桥式起重机的安全性分析,其评价结果和实际情况基本相符,能够比较全面地反映整机系统的安全性和各因素对整机系统安全性的影响及大小,为起重机安全评价提出一种有效的综合评价方法。

This paper would like to introduce author＇ s newly developed assessment model for the crane safety based on FAHP. As is well known, due to the deficiency of such safety assessment methods both at home and abroad, accidents in this way take place from time to time with the generally overhead traveling cranes which result in serious human casualties as well as materials loss. And, therefore, it has long been a cry for a more efficient safety assessment model to improve the job under way. Seeing the imposing need, we have established a crane assessment model by means of combining fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with AHP（Analytic Hierarchy Process）method, which can be adopted to evaluate the safety of in-service crane both qualitatively and quantitatively. With our newly proposed safety evaluation model, a set of safety evaluation index system of the crane is included by joining the structure, mechanism, equipment and facilities, safety management, staff quality and safety guaranteeing factors. Then the fuzzy consistent comparative matrix has been built instead ot comparative evaluation matrix in AHP（ Analytic Hierarchy Process）, and with the weight values of each factor being calculated next. Then the safety fuzzy evaluation sets for the expert system to evaluate the evaluation factors are determined for forming the goal evaluation matrix for the whole crane system, with the result of evaluation by safety fuzzy evaluation sets and the weight values of each evaluation factors calculate the goal evaluation matrix. And, finally, the goal evaluation matrix and the weight values vector of the whole system safety are used for calculation of the safety evaluation matrix of whole system by using maximum subordination principle to produce the safety assesment for the whole system. In so doing, it would be easier to determine the class of crane system. In addition, the safety contribution values of each evaluation factors for general overhead traveling crane can quickly be achieved by comparing with the weight values of the whole crane system through a safety analysis and assessment of the safety situation of the crane. Thus, it can be concluded that the results of assessment should be consistent with the actual situation of the crane in conformity with the rule based on the degree of contributions of the sorting result in regard to the system safety. It can wholly reflect the safety of crane system and the influence on the system by each evaluation factor. According to the evaluation results of the crane, improving measures can then be taken by the enterprise or department concerned in hoping to prevent the accidents effectively. Thus the safe and secure work of the crane can be guaranteed by providing with an effective synthetic evaluation method.