安全审计法在农村公路客运安全优化中的应用研究

Research on the optimal application of safety audit method in ensuring the rural bus safety

针对目前我国农村公路客运安全较为严峻的问题,研究将安全审计应用到客运安全优化中。通过剖析农村公路客运安全影响因素及交通事故原因,认为农村公路客运管理者、经营者、司机、客运车辆、道路条件、交通环境等均与农村公路客运交通安全有关联,但绝大多数农村公路客运交通事故的发生与司机的驾驶行为是直接相关的。因此,借鉴道路安全审计方法,从主动控制、主动审查的角度提出在农村公路客运线路上进行农村公路客运安全审计,探讨了农村公路客运安全审计的定义、内容和基本方法,设计了农村公路客运安全审计清单,并在杜村乡进行了示范。结果表明:在现有农村公路客运条件下,实施安全审计是实现其安全优化的有效手段;农村公路客运安全审计的重点应是人,通过对客运主要相关人的行为进行审计和评价,确定农村公路客运线路潜在的安全隐患,从而考虑合适的安全对策,最大限度地提高客运安全水平。

This paper is aimed at discussing the definition, content, basic method of the rural bus safety audit. We have developed a list for the influential factors and causes of the rural bus accidents that may lead to such accidents and the safety audit method based on the conduction theory of such accidents by taking the town or Ducun as a case study. As the result of the demonstration, it is found that the safety effects can be greatly increased. The initiative that we have taken as a piece of researeh comes from the need that an ever increasing number of rural bus transportation and traffic accidents have taken place in the nation-wide Sphere of our：country, which makes it necessary to search for a better approach to changing the situation. A careful analysis of the factors and causes leading to the rural bus accidents makes us believe that the safety control problem actually involves multiple factors, such as the rural bus managers, the traffic operators, drivers, passenger vehicles, road conditions as well as the traffic environment, etc. However, about 76 percent of the total number of rural bus accidents is related with the-driving behavior directly. Therefore, we suggest that the rural bus safety audit method should be applied to the rural bus traffic control along the rural bus lines from the point of View of active conformity and active examination. The decisive element for such bus safety audit is the man in- stead of any material conditions. Through auditing and evaluating of the behaviors of bus operators and drivers, as well as those of traffic managers, it would be made possible to determine the potential or actual safety threat of the rural bus operation, if necessary available safety would be adopted.