退耕还林政策对农户生计的影响研究——基于家庭结构视角的可持续生计分析

The Impact of Grain for Green Program on Rural Livelihoods in China:Sustainable livelihoods Analysis in a Perspective of Household Composition

以往关于退耕还林政策的分析,较少考虑微观的家庭人口因素。本研究在可持续生计分析框架下引入农户的家庭结构,并基于此框架使用农户模型具体分析了退耕还林政策对农户生计的影响。利用陕西周至县的农户调查数据进行实证研究,结果表明:家庭结构能够影响生计资本水平和时间配置,退耕还林政策对农户生计的作用因家庭结构而不同。退耕还林政策既没有针对生计资本贫乏的农户,也不一定能够促使农业劳动力向非农转化,并进一步提升农户的收入。有小孩但没有老年人的家庭较少从事外地打工活动,收入相对偏低,他们更依赖退耕补助。相关政策的制定和实施应当考虑家庭结构等人口因素。

Previous studies paid little attention on population characteristics concerning the policy analysis on Grain for Green. This research introduces family composition into the sustainable livelihoods framework for policy analysis. Based on the framework,we develop a household model to address the impact of Grain for Green on households' livelihoods. Using recent survey data from Zhouzhi County,we show that livelihood assets are related to household composition,and the impact of the policy on rural livelihoods varies across household compositions. The program neither targets asset-poor households,nor does it necessarily shift the on-farm labor to non-farm sectors,which would improve household income. We focus on the effect of the policy on livelihoods for households with children but without the elderly;these households tend to have lower migration rate and lower income after participation in the program,and depend more on the payment. Policy strategies should consider household heterogeneity,particularly household composition in rural China.