急性军事心理应激障碍的应对与管理

Management of Military Acute Stress Disorder

目的探讨有关急性军事心理应激障碍(MASD)的研究进展,重点讨论MASD的应对与管理。方法采用文献回顾法,总结MASD的评估方法、诱发因素及应对措施。结果国内外已发展多个评估MASD的量表,对于诊断MASD具有指导意义;MASD的主要诱因包括战场相关因素、个体认知评价因素、士气和团队凝聚力;MASD的应对措施包括:强化应激耐受训练、加强心理应激障碍管理和实施综合心理减压。结论MASD是军人执行战争或非战争军事任务常面临的心理问题,借鉴已被验证的各种预防措施,有效减少MASD的发生。

Objective By summarizing the literature on current military acute stress disorder（MASD）,the management strategies of MASD were discussed.Methods Using methods of review and analysis to evaluate the measurement scale,elicited factors and management of MASD.Results Different questionnaire to assess MASD were developed.The main elicited factors of MASD were battle surroundings,cognitive processes and the soldiers＇ morale.The management of MASD included stress exposure training,giving treatments to the sick with mental stress disorder and decreasing psychological pressure.Conclusion MASD is a important mental problem of military personal as facing military or non-military mission,it is essential to control MASD by different methods.