草甸盐土改良过程中锂和铷分布和变化特征研究

Research on Content Distribution and Changing Characteristics of Lithium and Rubidium in the Meadow Saline Soil during Improvement Process

【目的】在新疆天山北麓进行草甸盐土改良过程中，对土壤中锂（Li）和铷（Rb）分布和变化特征进行了研究。【方法】采取了由农业、生物、化学及水利改良等措施单独和随机组合的改良措施。【结果】改良试验表明：改良地“的总量在49．13—80．25mg／kg，分布特点是：改良初期和后期0—15cm〈15—30cm〈30—60cm，改良中期不同处理间出现分异。改良地Rb总量在99，75．128．38rag／kg，分布特点为：改良前期0—15cm〈15．30cm≥30～60cm，中期分布较为均匀，后期为30．60cm〉15～30cm〉0．15cm。【结论】由农业、生物、化学及水利改良等措施组合的综合改良措施对改良地中Li和Rb总量的影响最为明显。同时施用有机肥和石膏条件下单种草木棍时0—60cm土层内Li总量增加最明显。其中生物改良措施，尤其是单种草木桶结合施用有机肥和石膏，能明显促进各土层内Li的积累；改良中期，单种草木樨结合施用石膏时总量Rb主要在牧草根系最密集的中层内明显增加，而后期在中层减少下层增多，表明总量Rb从土壤中层往下层积累。

[ Objective]The paper mainly researches the distribution and changing characteristics of Li and Rb within soil by carrying out improvement experiment processes into meadow saline soil at northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, in Xinjiang. [ Method] The improvement measurements are separately and randomly conducted with agricultural, biological, chemical and irrigation measurements. [Result]The experiment shows that the total volume of Li in improved soil is between 49.13 and 80.25 mg/kg; The distribution characteristic of Li is as follows：at the beginning periodit and late period it is 0- 15 cm 〈 15 -30 cm 〈 30- 60 cm, at the middle period we got different results from different processing stages, the total volume of Rb in improved soil is between 99.75 and 128.38 mg/ kg; The distribution characteristic of Rb is that：at the beginning period it is 0 - 15 cm 〈 15 - 30 cm≥ 30 - 60 cm, at the middle period it is well- distributed, at late period it is 30- 60 cm 〉 15 -30 cm 〉 0- 15 cm. [ Conclusion] The combination of agricultural, biological, chemical and irrigation improvement measure has the most obvious effect on the total volume of Li and Rb in the improved soil. Single seeding Herba Melie under mixed organic fertilizer and gypsum condition, the increasing total volume of Li and Rb within the 0 - 60 cm soil layer is the most obvious. Among them the biological improvement measure, especially combining single seedling Herba Melie with mixed organic fertilizer and gypsum can greatly promote the accumulation of Li in each layer. At the middle period of the improvement experiment, the total volume of Rb obviously increased in the middle soil layer where the grazing root is at the highest density, but later , the total volume of Rb is decreased within the middle soil layer and increased within lower soil layer. The results show that the accumulation of the whole Rb in the soil is from middle layer to lower layer.