美国规制地方保护主义法律制度研究

A Study on American Legal System on Regulation of Local Protectionism

自建国以来,美国就存在严重的地方保护主义。为了保护经济自由、维护国家的统一和繁荣,美国制定了商业条款、特权与豁免权条款、反垄断法等对地方保护主义进行规制,其中商业条款和反垄断法发挥了重要作用。为了平衡国家实施联邦竞争政策之利益与州行使主权之利益,最高法院创立了市场参与者例外、州行为例外等原则,豁免了州和地方政府反垄断法上的责任。美国规制地方保护主义的经验值得我们借鉴。

Since the founding of USA, local protectionism has been a serious problem to her. To ensure economic freedom, integrality and prosperity for the country, Commerce Clause, Antimonopoly law , privileges and immunities clauses are made to regulate it. Among them, Commerce clause and antimonopoly law have made significant effects. To establish balance between the interest of the national policy of federal competition and the states＇ interest of possessing sovereignty, the Supreme Court invents such principles as market participant exception and state action doctrine and exempts the state and local governments from taking responsibility. American＇s experiences can be utilized by us.