论被迫行为的刑法规制及其体系性地位的重构

On Criminal Regulation of Coerced Action and Reconstruction of Status thereof

由于犯罪构成体系的不同和立法技术的原因,世界各国的刑事立法关于被迫行为体系性地位的规定存在较大的差异。需要明确的是,首先,从犯罪论体系科学性的角度,应当区分违法阻却事由与责任阻却事由;其次,从被迫行为体系性地位合理性的角度,被迫行为应当是一种责任阻却事由而非违法阻却事由;最后,从现代刑法的发展方向的角度,被迫行为应当作为一种独立的责任阻却事由在刑法中作出明确规定。对于被迫行为的体系性地位,中国刑事立法应当做如下调整:第一,变作用分类法为分工分类法,借鉴世界上大多数国家刑事立法关于共同犯罪人分类的方法,将共同犯罪人分为正犯、教唆犯和帮助犯;第二,对因受强制而实施侵害法益行为的行为人的刑事责任问题单独作出规定;第三,以大陆法系三阶层的犯罪论体系为模版,改革中国现行的犯罪构成体系,在新的犯罪构成体系中,被迫行为的体系性地位应当被界定为独立的责任阻却事由。

For the reasons of the systems of constitution of a crime and legislative techniques, there are big differences among the provision of the systemic position of act under duress in criminal legislation in countries around the world. Need to be clear that, firstly,in the criminal theory system＇ s point of view,we should distinguish between the grounds for elimination of illegality and the grounds for elimination of liability;secondly, in the sight of the systemic position of act under duress, act under duress should be a ground for elimination of liability rather than a ground for elimination of illegality;finally, from the direction of the development of modem criminal law, act under duress should be prescribed explicitly as an independent ground for elimination of liability in criminal law. China＇s criminal legislation should make the following adjustments for the systemic position of act under duress ： first, change function classification method to action - division classification method and draw on the classification method of joint offenders in most countries＇ criminal legislation in the world which divide joint offenders into principal, abettor and accessory;second, prescribe the criminal responsibility independently of the perpetrator who is forced to implement the infringement of legal interests ; third, make the three - classes criminal theory system of the continental genealogy of law as the template to reform China＇s current system of constitution of a crime and the systemic position of act under duress should be defined as an independent ground for elimination of liability in the new system of constitution of a crime.