碳酸氢钾与限制饲喂预防肉用鸡腹水症研究

Studies on Preventing Ascites in Broiler by Drinking Potassium Bicarbonate and Feed Restriction

将２４０只ＡＡ健康肉用鸡随机分为８组，饲养于两种不同温度下，通过饮水中添加碳酸氢钾和限制饲喂，观察肉用鸡腹水症发生情况。分别在２１天、２８天和３５天测定血氧饱和度，红细胞压积容量（ＰＣＶ）和血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）等指标。试验结束时，每组扑杀８只肉用鸡，测定右心室（ＲＶ）和全心室（ＴＶ）重量之比。结果表明，寒冷可使腹水症发生率上升（２０％），明显高于对照组（１０％）；与对照组相比，患腹水症肉用鸡的ＰＣＶ、Ｈｂ及ＲＶ／ＴＶ显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而血氧饱和度显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血氧饱和度、ＰＣＶ、ＲＶ／ＴＶ是肉用鸡腹水症的敏感指标，用碳酸氢钾饮水和早期适度限饲可预防腹水症，并可改善肉用鸡的生产性能，在寒冷条件下效果尤为显著。

Two hundreds and forty AA broilers are randomly divided into eight groups and reared under two different ambient temperatures.The effects of temperatures,feed restriction,drinking KHCO 3 are investigated under conditions conductive to the induction of the ascites syndrome.Parameters used to monitor the syndrome are the erythrocyte Packed Cell Volume(PCV),Hemoglobin(Hb),blood oxygen saturation. All these are done at 21,28 and 35 d.When the tests are finished eight birds of every group are killed and tested ventricular weight, calculated right ventricular weight(RV)/total ventricular (TV).Birds are weighted on days 7,14,21,28,35,42 and the mortalities are recorded.The result indicated that cold stressed induced a higher incidence of ascites.PCV,Hb and RV/TV are significantly higher in broilers with ascites(P< 0.01 ) than normal broilers,but oxygen saturation is lower(P<0.01).PCV and RV/TV are excellent parameters correlating with clinical ascites.Blood oxygen saturation which are high sensitive ascitical parameters could be used to the early diagnosis ascites in meat type chickens.Controlled early feed restriction can prevent ascites while no effect on production.Drinking KHCO 3 improved production and reduced the risks of ascites,especially under the cold condition.