基于整车多体模型的重型车辆对路面的损伤评价

Evaluation of road damage based on a full heavy vehicle multi-body dynamic model

为研究重型车辆对路面的损伤程度,利用多体动力学仿真软件SIMPACK建立了重型载货汽车整车行驶动力学模型。分析了6×4和8×4载货汽车满载和超载在B级路面以不同车速行驶时,各轴轮胎动载荷系数和法向作用力的变化规律;以基于95百分位四次幂和力的相对路面损伤系数为具体评价指标,进行了重型车辆对路面损伤程度的评价。结果表明:当载重量一定时,车辆各轴的轮胎动载荷系数和法向作用力均随行驶速度的提高而增大;当行驶速度一定时,车辆各轴的轮胎动载荷系数均随载重量的增加而减小,但轮胎法向作用力却随载重量的增加而增大;前轴轮胎动载荷系数大于中后轴和后轴轮胎动载荷系数,但其轮胎法向作用力小于中后轴和后轴。与6×4载货汽车相比,8×4载货汽车满载和超载在B级路面以不同车速行驶时,相对路面损伤系数下降14.64%～19.01%。采用8×4载货汽车进行货物运输,不但可提高运输效率,降低运输成本,还可减轻重型车辆对路面的损伤程度。

In order to study the level of road damage,two detailed multi-body dynamic models of the 6×4 and 8×4 heavy trucks were established by using SIMPACK software.When these trucks with different load states and speeds driving on grade B road,the change law of the vehicle dynamic tyre load coefficient and normal tyre force was analyzed.The road damage factor based on 95 percentage fourth power of the aggregate force was used as the criterion for road damage due to dynamic load of heavy truck.Simulation results indicated that when the loading weights keep unchanged,the vehicle dynamic tyre load coefficient and normal tyre force increase with increase in vehicle speed;when the vehicle speeds keeps unchanged,the vehicle dynamic tyre load coefficient decreases with increase in loading weight,but the situation of normal tyre force was the opposite;the vehicle dynamic tyre load coefficient of the front axle is larger than those of the middle and the rear axles,but the normal tyre force of the front axle is smaller than those of the middle and the rear axles;compared with the 6×4 truck,when the 8×4 truck drives on grade B road with different load states and speeds,the road damage factor is reduced about 14.64%~19.01%;with the 8×4 heavy truck,not only the transportation efficiency is improved and transportation costs are reduced,but also the level of road damage is reduced.