圆管孔眼式小麦气吸排种器的设计

The Design of the Hole-tube Air suction Wheat Seeder

精密播种是现代农业增产的一个重要环节。由于小麦种子具有体积小、质量轻的特点,给其精密播种带来了困难。为了较好地实现小麦的精密播种,在分析了国内外现有精密播种技术的基础上,设计了一种新型圆管孔眼式小麦气吸排种器。该装置通过排种管周向均匀阵列的孔眼吸种,将种子连续均匀地排出,并通过控制排种管转速和空气流量来调节播种量。正交试验结果表明:排种管直径为76mm、吸种孔直径为1.6mm、吸种孔个数为67时,圆管孔眼式排种器排种效果最佳。该排种器有较高的播种精度和对不同类型种子良好的适应性,但存在吸种孔易堵塞、不易清理及长时间工作漏播率明显增加等问题。

Precision seeding is an important subproject for morden agricultural production,but the wheat seeds are characherized by small-body,light-weight,which brings difficulty to the precision seeding process. For the precision seeding,on the basis of analyzing the precision seeding technology situation in the inland and the abroad,the author designed a new kind seeder that is hole-tube type,this special part could suck the seeds with the hole even positioned round the round face of the tube and could drop well-proportionedly the seeds away when seeding. The seeding quantity could be controlled by the rotating speed of the seeder and the airflow. Seeing from the results of the orthogonal test,the seeder’s performance could be best when the diameter of the seeder is 76mm,that of the hole on the tube is 1. 6mm and there are 67 holes on the tube. The seeder has relatively higher seeding precision and better adjustment for various kinds of seeds,but under longtime working condition,the seeder may skip dropping the seeds because of the uneasily cleaned jam in the sucking hole.