湖北省水稻施肥效果及肥料利用效率现状研究

Study on fertilization effect and fertilizer use efficiency of rice in Hubei Province

2006至2008年在湖北省17个县(市、区)分别布置早、中、晚稻试验54个、136个和61个,研究在当前生产条件下平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量及经济效益的影响,明确当前水稻生产中的肥料贡献率及农学利用率现状,为湖北省水稻高效生产提供理论依据。结果显示,与不施肥对照相比,早、中、晚稻平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥分别平均增产稻谷2153、2445和1908 kg/hm2,增产率分别为57.4%、44.0%和42.3%;分别增收1691、2413和1413 Yuan/hm2。肥料对早、中、晚稻产量的贡献率分别为33.3%、28.6%和27.8%;肥料农学利用率分别为7.2、7.6和6.1 kg/kg。表明目前湖北省水稻平衡施用氮、磷、钾肥的增产、增收效果显著,平衡施肥是提高稻谷产量的关键技术。

Field experiments on early,mid and late-season rice were conducted at 54,136 and 61 sites in 17 counties of Hubei Province during 20062008.The objective of the research was to study the effect of nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P） and potassium（K） combined fertilization on rice yield and profit,and to investigate the fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic efficiency（AE） of rice in main rice producing region of Hubei Province.The results indicated that the combined application of N,P and K increased the yield and profit of rice significantly.The average yields of NPK treatment of early,mid and late-season rice were 6502,8502 and 6888 kg/ha,which were 2153,2445 and 1908 kg/ha higher than those of CK（without fertilization） treatment,respectively.Compared with CK treatment,profits of NPK treatment of early,mid and late-season rice increased 1691,2413 and 1413 Yuan/ha,respectively.The fertilizer contribution rates to early,mid and late-season rice yield were 33.3,28.6 and 27.8 percent,corresponding to 7.2,7.6 and 6.1 kg/kg of AE,respectively.These results showed that the combination of N,P and K fertilizers significantly increased both rice yield and profit,so balanced fertilization was effective measure to increase rice product.