翻译中的语义筛选机制

Meaning Selection Mechanisms in Translation

以Nida关于翻译是语义属性的经典定义为基础,讨论了各种语义类型在翻译中的不同作用。翻译过程实际上是语义的筛选过程。常规的翻译是从词汇、语法等静态的语言义向语用修辞动态的言语义过渡的筛选过程。因语言之间存在概念范围、句法组合、篇章结构、文化传统等方面的差异,全方位等值的翻译很难实现,真实的翻译标准是趋同。

Based on the semantic dimension of Nida＇s classical definition of translation, this paper discusses the role of various semantic categories in translation, which is essentially a process of meaning selection. The proposed selection mechanisms attempt to capture the process moving from static language meaning at the word and syntactic levels to dynamic speech meaning at pragmatic and rhetorical levels in conventional translation. As languages differ in terms of conceptual scopes, syntactic structures, discourse patterns and cultural traditions, it is difficult to achieve full equivalence in translation. Therefore, approximation should be the practical translation criterion to follow.