柴达木盆地地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题及对策

Main problem and solutions of Chaidamu basin groundwater resources exploitation

通过对柴达木盆地1∶250 000水文地质、环境地质调查、水文地质钻探、各类样品的采集分析,以及已有区域水文地质及环境地质、地下水动态长期观测等成果资料进行分析比对,发现柴达木盆地地下水资源开发利用中,存在由于水资源开发利用模式不合理,造成地下水资源贫化、人为或自然作用造成地下水位上升,以及土壤盐渍化、过量开采地下水引起降落漏斗扩展及淡水咸化、地下水污染,加剧了水资源短缺、卤水开采形成降落漏斗,导致卤水资源的贫化及废卤排放形成的反向漏斗,造成钾盐含量的相对减少及大规模开采地下水以后,绿洲带地下水位下降,植被退化,沙漠化面积迅速扩大等环境地质问题。针对上述问题提出了防止地下水污染、水质咸化、超采等方面的具体措施。

By means of hydrogeological and environmental geological survey at the scale of 1 ： 250 000, hydrogeological drilling and sample collection in Qaidam Basin as well as analysis on existed regional hydrogeological and environmental geological data and long term observation data of groundwater dy- namic. Some problems induced by irrational exploitation and utilization pattern of groundwater were found. Lnduding groundwater resources depletion, rise of water table and soil salinization caused by artificial or natural effects, groundwater cone expansion and fresh water salinization caused by over -exploitation, water shortages exacerbated by groundwater pollution, brine resources depletion, groundwater table fall and vegetation degradation induced by over - exploitation as well as many oth- er environmental geological problems. Some specific measures to prevent groundwater pollution, wa- ter salinization and over - exploitation were proposed which could provide the basis for the rational exploitation of groundwater resources in the future.