枣树越冬期内生真菌的分离鉴定及抑菌研究

Isolation,identification and anti-microorganism activity of endophytic fungi from overwinter jujube

为了明确越冬期枣树组织中内生真菌的种类和分布情况,并从中筛选出对枣缩果病病原有拮抗作用的内生菌株,从越冬期健康枣树的树皮、枣股、枝条中分离获得内生真菌225株,共鉴定出12个真菌属,其优势属为茎点霉属、链格孢属、毛壳菌属和镰刀菌属。研究结果表明:越冬期健康枣树组织中内生真菌分布普遍,种类丰富;不同品种、不同部位中内生真菌的种类和数量都有差异。室内平板对峙实验结果表明:在225株内生真菌中,有25株内生真菌对枣缩果病病原茎点霉菌1-2有抑制作用,最高抑菌率为85.45%;有14株内生真菌对病原壳梭孢菌1-5有抑制效果,最高抑菌率为76.00%;内生真菌F7和F8对两种病原菌均有抑菌效果,而且均有明显的抑菌带,这说明上述两株菌均可产生抗菌代谢物质。

In order to study species and distribution of the endophytic fungi in overwinter jujube, and screen anti-microorganism endophytic fungi for controlling jujube fruit shrink disease, 225 strains of endophytic fungi were obtained from bark, stem and wattle in overwinter healthy jujube, 12 genera were identified, and Phoma, Alternaria, Chaetomium and Fusarium were dominant genera. The results showed that endophytic fungi distributed in different tissues of overwinter healthy jujube, and species were abundant. Species and quantity of endophytic fungi were different in different tissues from different varieties. The results of indoor plate confrontation test showed that 25 strains showed inhibitive activity against Phoma 1-2 in the 225 strains tested, and the highest inhibitive rate was 85.45%; 14 strains showed inhibitive activity against Fusicoccum 1-5, and the highest inhibitive rate was 76.00%. The stains F7 and F8 showed strong inhibitive activities against the two pathogens, and had clear inhibitive zone. It showed that the two stains could provide antimicrobial metabolites.