安徽大别山区板栗采收前落果因子分析

Pre-harvesting factors affecting fruit loss in Castanea mollissima at Dabieshan Region of Anhui

为了详细了解病虫害对板栗产量的影响情况,在安徽大别山板栗主产区,采用整树调查和种子收集筐调查这两种方法,对板栗自开花到采收前落果的影响因素进行了研究,并探讨了两种调查方法的实用性。整树调查和种子收集筐调查的结果均表明:板栗剪枝象、雪片象、败育和蛾类等因素是造成板栗采收前落果的主要因子,且板栗剪枝象的危害异常严重,因板栗剪枝象而造成的落果占整个落果的45%以上;板栗剪枝象和败育主要造成了早期(即从6月开花到7月中下旬)的落果,而雪片象造成的落果则发生在7月底,8月上中旬为落果高峰期。然而,关于因雪片象和败育而造成的落果的比例,用这两种方法调查到的结果却存在着较大的差异:整树调查结果显示,因雪片象而造成的落果的比例(43.57%)高于败育(7.32%);而采用种子收集筐调查到的结果显示的却相反,因败育而造成的落果的比例(37.72%)高于雪片象(11.50%)。研究结果还说明了,采用整树调查和种子收集筐调查这两种方法均能较为准确地估计虫害对板栗落果的影响程度,这一研究结果可用于板栗病虫害的预测预报和控制防治。

In order to research effect of diseases and pests on yield in Chinese chestnut, pre-harvesting factors affecting fruit loss in Castanea mollissima from pollination to fruit harvest were investigated at Dabieshan Region of Anhui Province through whole-tree survey and seed-trap survey, and practicality of the two methods was discussed. The results showed that Mecorhis cumulates, Niphades castanes, abortion and moths were the main factors relative to pre-harvesting fruit loss, and the damage from M. cumulates was the heaviest, over 45%. From pollination （early June） to young fruit （late July）, fruit loss was mainly caused by M. cumulates and abortion, while that caused by N. castanes began in late July and ended in late August with a peak in August. However, the results of the two survey methods were obvious different when estimating fruit loss percentage caused by N. castanes and abortion. The result of whole-tree survey showed that the damage by N. castanet （43.57%） was higher than abortion （7.32%）, while the result of seed-trap survey showed that the latter （37.72 %） was higher the former （11.50%）. The results indicated that both methods could be used to evaluate effect of insect pests on fruit loss in C. mollissima, and to provide reference for forecast and control of diseases and pests.