绝对权与相对权的区分标准

On differentiating standard of Absolute right and relative right

绝对权与相对权理论起源于德国,并应用于德国的立法实践,构成了《德国民法典》第二编与第三编的基本构架,进而演绎成近现代民法关于民事权利最重要的学理分类,几乎涵盖了人身权和财产权的全部内容,对后世立法和司法产生了极其深远的影响。但是,该理论并非完美无缺,其硬伤是没有将分类标准贯彻到底,导致绝对权与相对权的分类标准发生了错位。文章以物权和债权为研究中心,对绝对权与相对权的内涵、外延、分类标准、区分的价值及意义进行了论述,重点是对传统区分理论中"对抗"一词进行了详细的解读,并在统一标准下给出了绝对权与相对权的定义。

The theory of Absolute right and relative right originated in Germany, and was widely applied to Germany＇s legislative practice. It constitutes the basic framework of Part II and Part III in German Civil Code and is developed into the most important theoretical classification in the modern civil law on the civil rights, covering almost all the contents of personal and real right and having a farreaching impact on the later legislature and judiciary development. However, the theory is not perfect. The main flaw is that it does not implement the classification standard to the end, leading to the classification criteria dislocation of Absolute right and relative right. The paper discusses the connotations, extension, classification standard, the value and meaning of distinction of the Absolute right and relative right with research center on real right and creditor＇s right, focusing on the detailed explanation of ＂confrontation＂ in traditional distinction theory and giving the definition of Absolute right and relative right under the united standard.