安徽省某农村地区初中生预防艾滋病干预效果评价

Evaluation of Interventions for HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Junior High School Students in Rural Area of Anhui Province

目的比较艾滋病健康教育前后初中生艾滋病相关知识、态度情况,评价艾滋病健康教育的效果,为在中学生中开展艾滋病健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样方法,以安徽省某农村地区2所初中的所有学生作为研究对象,分别进行为期3个月的相关艾滋病健康教育活动。自行设计调查问卷,采用定性与定量(问卷调查)相结合的方法对学生及教师进行调查,分别于干预前、后收集调查问卷。结果基线资料显示,学生对艾滋病的基本知识了解不全面和不够深入,尤其对非传播途径认识比较模糊;学生希望通过多种形式(教师讲解、播放录像、知识竞赛等)获取艾滋病的基本知识,教师建议以多种形式在学生中开展艾滋病健康教育活动;干预后,学生对艾滋病相关知识的知晓率有了明显的提高(P值均<0.01);且愿意与艾滋病感染者及患者一起学习的学生较干预前有了明显的提高(P值均<0.01)。结论对初中生开展预防艾滋病健康教育效果良好。提高知晓率、消除初中生对艾滋病感染者及患者的歧视,是今后开展艾滋病健康教育不容忽视的问题。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS health education by comparing the knowledge and attitude of junior high school students,and to provide a theoretical basis of health education among junior high school students. Methods By the cluster sampling,the students of two junior middle schools in rural areas in Anhui Province were selected. Combination of qualitative and quantitative （questionnaire survey） methods were used to investigate the students and teachers. Health education about three months was conducted in two junior middle schools respectively and the effectiveness was evaluated with self-designed questionnaires. Results Baseline data showed the basic knowledge of AIDS of students was not comprehensive and deep enough,and most students had known about infected way of AIDS,but they were ambiguous about non-infected way of AIDS. Students eagered to obtain the knowledge of AIDS through a variety of forms （the explanation of teacher,video,knowledge competition,etc.）,and teachers suggested that it was the best way to carry out various forms of AIDS health education among students. After health education,the knowledge rates of AIDS-related knowledge of students had been significantly improved（P〈0.01）. The number of students willing to work with AIDS patients had been significantly increased（P〈0.01）. Conclusion The education about AIDS prevention in junior high school is effective. The future of health education on AIDS should not ignore the elimination of junior high school students,discrimination on AIDS patients.