维生素K缺乏症的特点、病因及预防

The characteristics,causes and prevention in the lack of vitamin K

目的探讨维生素K缺乏症的发病特点、病因及预防。方法回顾性分析30例维生素K缺乏性出血患儿,并通过询问患儿家属查找其发病高危因素。结果全部病例均为晚发型维生素K缺乏性出血,颅内出血23例,占76.7%;均未进行维生素K预防性用药;均为母乳喂养儿,个别添加少量米糊;母亲产后不吃青菜、水果29例,占96.7%;26例(86.7%)患儿生于农村,23例(76.7%)在家出生,6例(20%)在镇卫生院出生。结论为预防维生素K缺乏性出血,婴儿出生后应采用维生素K预防性用药,哺乳母亲应多进食青菜、水果等富含维生素K的食物,婴儿患有肝胆疾病、慢性腹泻及孕母使用抑制维生素K代谢的药物者应及时补充维生素K。

Objective To explore the incidence of vitamin K deficiency in characteristics,causes and prevention.Methods Retrospective analysis of 30 cases of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in children,and family members by asking children to find their disease risk factors.Results All the cases were late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding,intracranial hemorrhage accounted for 76.7%;Vitamin K was not carried out preventive medicine;All the cases were breast-feeding infants,individual add a small amount of rice cereal;mother＇s postpartum eat vegetables,fruits,accounting for 96.7%;86.6% children born in rural areas,76.7% were born at home,20% were born in the town hospitals.Conclusions To prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding after birth vitamin K should be used preventive medicine,nursing mothers should eat more vegetables,fruit and other foods rich in vitamin K,baby suffering from liver and gallbladder disease,chronic diarrhea and maternal use of inhibition of vitamin K the metabolism of drugs should be promptly vitamin K.