马克思意识形态理论的解构向度与建构向度

Deconstructional and Constructional Dimensions of Marxist Ideology

马克思的意识形态理论包含两个向度:其一是解构的向度,即对于形形色色的唯心主义和剥削阶级的意识形态给予无情的批判,马克思对意识形态企图遮蔽经济与社会真正本质的种种话语策略的剖析和揭露,成为其意识形态批判的中心内容;其二是建构的向度,即把经济基础、上层建筑和意识形态都作为理解社会历史的发展和变革的基本概念工具,在马克思所创立的作为真正科学的唯物主义历史观及其基本原理中,意识形态成为了一个不可或缺的重要范畴。所以,我们在运用马克思主义意识形态理论指导我们社会主义革命和建设过程中,必须在这两个向度之间保持必要的张力。

There are two dimensions in Marxist ideology. One of them is a deconstructional dimension, referring to ruthlessly criticism on various schools of idealism and the ideologies of exploiting class. Marx＇s analysis and exposition of the variety of discourse strategies by which ideology tries to obscure the nature of economy and society becomes the centre of his criticism. The other is a constructional dimension, which means that economic basis, superstructure and ideology should all be consid- ered as the basic conceptual tools to understanding the development and transformation of social history. In the materialist views of history and its basic principles established by Marx, ideology is an indispensable category. Therefore, when applying Marxist ideology to guide the socialist revolution and construction, we must maintain a necessary tension between these two dimensions.