论战后初期英国对独立核威慑政策的调整

On the Adjustment of British Policy toward Independent Nuclear Deterrence in the Early Postwar Period

1949-1952年间,在一些英国科学家和政治家经过积极反思之后,英国政府对独立核威慑政策进行了相应调整。主要表现在两个方面:在确保本国有限独立核力量的前提下,积极寻求与美国实行核合作;研制核武器与和平开发原子能趋向适度平衡。这种调整反映了英国政府确立了向美国寻求核合作乃至核保护以对抗苏联的战略目标,有力地推动了大西洋联盟及西方阵营的形成与演进;同时,这种调整有利于英国经济社会发展和增进人类福祉,有利于减少欧洲及世界面临的核危险,对国际社会具有一定示范作用。

During 1949-1952, British government adjusted the independent nuclear deterrent policy accordingly after active reflections of some British scientists and politicians. The policy mainly had two aspects： firstly, on the premise of keeping Britain＇s limited nuclear force independent, seeking nuclear cooperation with the United States; secondly, achieving moderate balance between developing nuclear weapons and developing atomic energy peacefully. This adjustment showed that the British government would seek atomic cooperation with and even nuclear protection under the United States against USSR, thus speeding up the formation and evolution of the Atlantic Alliance and the Western Camp. Moreover, this adjustment was beneficial to the development of the British economy and society and reducing the nuclear threat to Europe as well as other areas; meanwhile it served as an example for other countries.