儿童社会技能缺陷的分类

Classification of Children's Social Skills Deficits

儿童社会技能缺陷的分类直接关系到儿童社会技能干预的内容、方法和实效。本文主要从两个角度考察儿童的社会技能缺陷,一是根据社会技能的构成成分鉴别社会技能缺陷,把社会技能缺陷分为社会技能的认知缺陷、社会技能的行为缺陷和社会技能的情绪缺陷;二是根据社会技能和竞争性问题行为这两个维度鉴别社会技能缺陷,把社会技能缺陷分为六大类:有或无竞争性问题行为的获得性缺陷、操作性缺陷和流畅性缺陷。

Classification of the nature of social skills deficits are pivotal in effective and successful social skill interventions.This article reviewed two kinds of social skills deficit classifications.First,social skills deficits were classified as cognitive deficits,behavioral deficits and emotional deficits according to the compositions of social skills.Second,two dimensions of social behavior,social skills and competing problem behavior,were combined to classify social skills deficits,and six types were identified and classified as acquisition deficits without or with competing problem behavior,performance deficits without or with competing problem behavior,and fluency deficits without or with competing problem behavior.