父母体罚发生的生态背景概述

Ecological Context of Parental Corporal Punishment Occurrence

父母体罚是指父母通过引起儿童身体的不舒适感或疼痛来阻止儿童重复某种行为、纠正儿童的行为或教育儿童。父母和儿童处在从直接环境(如家庭)到间接环境(如宽泛的文化)的几个环境的中心或嵌套于其中,父母体罚会受到生态环境中多种因素的影响。本文以Gershoff的理论为基础较系统地探讨了父母体罚发生的生态背景(由内而外):即时的亲子互动背景、稳定的个体与关系背景和宏观的社会文化背景。最后,指出了各层系统相互作用共同影响父母体罚的发生以及加强我国父母体罚研究等有待于进一步探讨的问题。

There is considerable evidence to suggest that the use of corporal punishment by parents is relatively common.Recently many psychologists have shown a growing interest in the determinants of corporal punishment and recognized that a multifactorial perspective should be adopted when attempting to explain why some children are exposed to corporal punishment and others are not.The paper mainly describes the ecological context which can serve as predictors of whether parental corporal punishment is used,including three nested levels：immediate interactional context,stable individual and relational context,social-cultural context.And the direct,mediated,and moderated pathways by which the variables among or within each level of context might be expected to affect the occurrence of parental corporal punishment have been discussed.At last,future researches are needed to investigate the ecological context of parental corporal punishment in Chinese culture.