WTO有关禁止性出口补贴规则研究——以中美“知名品牌产品出口补贴”WTO磋商案为视角

Research on the Prohibited Subsidies under WTO Agreements——Focus on the WTO Consultation Case"China-Grants,Loans and Other Incentives"

2009年12月18日,中美就"知名品牌产品出口补贴"WTO磋商案达成谅解备忘录,以中方让步解决这一纠纷。尽管该案已经解决,但该案涉及的一些法律问题仍需引起注意或探讨。本文在概述基本案情的基础上,归纳了WTO有关禁止性出口补贴的规定,最后就本案涉及的中国中央部委的相关措施是否属于有"强制性措施"的法律文件、"视出口实绩为条件"与以"出口企业为前提"有无区别、关于能否用《SCM协定》第11.9条下微量补贴作为例外辩护等法律问题进行了分析。

On Dec.18 2009,the United States announced that it has reached a settlement with China in its World Trade Organization dispute proceedings over illegal subsidies provided to Chinese agricultural and industrial producers under China＇s ＂famous brands＂ program.China has already withdrawn the measures at issue.Although the case has been settled,several legal issues should still be clarified.After summering the facts of this case,this article digests the rules of the prohibited export subsidies.Finally,this article comments on three legal issues rose in this case：Whether the measures from the ＂guidelines＂ of the central governmental ministry are the compulsory legal documents？ Are there any difference between ＂contingent upon export performance＂ and ＂mere granted to enterprises which export？ Can the Article 11.9 of the SCM agreement on ＂de minimis＂ be used as the exception defense？