关于清末科阿分治问题的探讨

A Discussion of the Partition Between Hobo Attaché Minister and Altai Management Minister in the Later Qing Dynasty

鸦片战争后清朝国势日衰,北方强大的沙俄趁清朝西北边防松弛之机不断以各种手段侵占中国西北边疆领土。沙俄的扩张致使与其毗邻的清朝科布多参赞大臣辖地范围日趋缩小,阿尔泰段防务形势如同累卵。光绪二十九年(1903年),伊犁将军长庚力陈阿尔泰在加强西北边防方面的重要地位,奏请清廷于阿尔泰单独设官进行管理。光绪三十年(1904年),清廷以科布多办事大臣专管阿尔泰事务,实行科阿分治。科阿分治的实行是清廷对科布多地区管理体制上的一次重大调整,它的实施使清朝强化了对阿尔泰地区的开发和军事防守,有效地遏制了沙俄企图通过阿尔泰继续南侵的阴谋,对以后新疆地区的变化产生了重要影响。

Tsarist Russia took the opportunity to invade the Qing Dynasty＇s northwest territory by various means when the Qing Dynasty was declining after the Opium War. This situation led to a very disadvantage result for Hobo Attache Minister which was dispatched by the Qing Dynasty . Altai Mountain was an important part of Hobo Attache Minister＇ s area at that time, Tsarist Russia attempted to continue its invasion into this weak military defense area, so the Qing Dynasty＇s northwest territory was very dangerous. General CHANG Geng made some proposals of strengthening the management of Altai Mountain after his exploration mission in Ahai Mountain in December 1903. Considering the importance of Altai Mountain to the safety of northwest territory, the Qing Dynasty carried out the system of partition between Hobo Attache Minister and Altai Management Minister in 1904. This great event took effects on strengthening Altai Mountain＇s exploration and military defense from then on . It also held back Tsarist Russia＇s invasion into Ahai Mountain and protected the safety of Xinjiang region. It was also important for the development of northwest frontier of China.