司法三段论的大前提研究——兼论逻辑涵摄与法律涵摄的区别

On the Sumption of Judicial Syllogism——A Study of the Difference Between Logic Subsumtion and Legal Subsumtion

司法三段论的大前提是立法机关制定的法律规范,来源于人们的法律生活经验。大前提是对过去案件事实(小前提)的提炼,小前提居于主导地位,大前适合小前提。大前提不能改变小前提,却要随着小前提的改变而改变。大前提的有效性取决于它与小前提的契合关系。当法律实践中出现法律规则没有规定的新型案件或疑难案件时,法律原则也可以当作法律规范适用,作为大前提的法律规范是由法律规则和法律原则组成的。

The sumption of judicial syllogism is the legal criterion set down by legislature,which comes from legal life and experience. The sumption is the abstraction of the past case facts（minor premise） ,minor premise reside by the dominant status,sumption should suit for minor premise,sumption can not alter minor premise but can be altered by minor premise. The validity of sumption depends on the relation that sumption agrees with minor premise,when the new or difficult case that has not stated by legal regulation appears in the legal practice,legal principle can be used as legal criterion,the legal criterion as sumption constitutes of legal regulation and legal principle.