从“人民性”到“人性”——新时期以来文学评价标准转变之一

From Affinity with the Masses to Humanity——The Change of the Literature Evaluation Since the New Period

"人民性"曾是上世纪五十年代以来文学研究的重要概念,用以阐释传统文学的现代价值,这是一个意识形态概念,具有重要的现实意义。在这种总体性话语中,忽视了个人的存在,如果没有了个体的个性与自由,"人民性"就失去了关怀具体人生的价值和意义。新时期以来,一种新的"人性论"文学评价标准取而代之。而文学评价中的"人性"观,也是一种意识形态实践,关注个人的价值、尊严、权利成为文学评价的基本原则。悖论在于,人性论强调个人的个性,在阶级社会中,往往权利和金钱能够表现出更强的"个性",它们反而异化了真正的人的个性和品质。

The affinity with the masses is an important literary conception,which is used to discover the modern values from the traditional literature. It is a category of ideology. But this will not pay attention to the values and rights of the individuals. If individuals cannot enjoy freedom,the affinity with the masses is meaningless. In the new period,the idea of Humanity becomes a new literature evaluation,which attaches great importance to the values and rights of the individuals. But there is a paradox that power and money have the true individual character in a class society,which can alienate the values and rights of the individuals.