“开放式协调方法”和欧盟推进全球治理的方式:以援助政策为例

The OMC and the EU’s Mode of Global Governance

开放式协调方法是欧盟内部采用的一种"新治理模式",主要应用于社会政策等欧盟机构缺乏权能的政策领域,是欧盟在这些领域中加强成员国政策一致性的一种重要方法,其最基本的假设是:吸纳更多的行为主体进入政策制定过程,加强彼此之间的合作,为交流最佳政策实践降低交换成本,并经常性地、制度化地对政策的执行进行评估和监督。长此以往,各个成员国之间必将自然而然地出现一种实现最佳政策目标的方法,并进而导致各国在相关政策领域中的实践和程序的趋同。欧盟在规划全球治理时也倡导使用开放式协调方法,以实现劝说其他国家接受欧洲经验和欧洲发展模式的目的。但是,由于开放式协调方法的应用需要满足一些基本条件,它在全球治理中的应用并不总能带来欧盟希望的结果。

The Open Method of Coordination (OMC) is known as a kind of new Mode of Governance within the EU and widely employed in those policy areas where the competences of the EU institutions are very limited. The basic assumption of the OMC is that mobilizing a wide range of actors, promoting cooperation, reducing transaction costs for the exchange of best practice and institutionalizing the evaluation and monitor mechanisms will naturally lead to a common approach living up to the best standards and encourage a convergence of practice and procedures. The EU also advocates the OMC as a plausible tool to persuade other partners to value European experiences when developing global governance. However, only under certain conditions could the OMC lead to the results that the Europeans expect.