战国秦汉时期巫觋社会地位下降之原因探析

A Probe into the Reason for the Decline of the Witches′ Social Status Quo during the Period of the Warring States,and the Qin and the Han Dynasty

战国秦汉时期,巫觋的社会地位呈日益下降之趋势。这主要是因为巫觋集团对王权的依附性,使中国的巫没有象西方的祭祀集团那样走向独立,发展到可以与王权分庭抗礼的程度,而是随着王权与神权的衰落一并衰落了;巫对文化知识垄断权和祭祀垄断权的丧失,使其逐渐远离神权中心和政治中心,开始向民间滑落;巫觋自身素质的下降在很大程度上削弱了这一职业的神圣性,也进一步降低了他们在人们心目中的地位。

The Period of the Warring States,and the Qin and the Han Dynasty has seen an increasingly downward trend in terms of the social status quo of the witches.This is mainly because that their dependence on the then royal power has prevented them from gaining independence and developing into an equal social force as the Western religious groups,and has declined along with decline of the royal power and divine right.And the loss of their monopoly on cultural knowledge and worship has gradually led them away from the center of divine right and that of politics,and has led them to slide into the common people;the decrease of their own cultivation has,too,greatly weakened the sanctity of their career,and has further reduced their position in the mind of the common people.