论科学问题的发现与提出

Briefly upon the Discovery and the Putting-Forward of Scientific Problems

科学问题是一定时代的科学认识主体,在特定的知识背景下,通过对研究对象的具体分析和缜密思考,提出的关于科学认识和科学实践中有待解决的矛盾或疑难。科学问题的发现途径存在于五种矛盾之中,主要有科学知识体系内部的逻辑矛盾、不同学科或不同学派的理论之间的矛盾、经验事实相互协调统一的矛盾、科学事实游弋于已有理论的矛盾、已有理论落后于实践诉求的矛盾。任何一个科学问题都不是在虚无中产生,而是建立在相关的已有成果交织的背景之上的。提出科学问题需要应用多种思维方法。

Scientific problems are pending contradictions or puzzles of scientific understanding and scientific practice which are put forward by scientific scholars with specific knowledge background.Normally,they analyze and think about research object thoroughly and then present the scientism issues.The exploration of scientific problems originates from five different conflicts,including internal logic conflicts of science system,academic conflicts from deferent school of thought,coordination and unification conflicts between experience and reality,conflicts between science theory and practice and the conflicts from existing theory lagging behind practical condition.Any scientific problems are not produced in the nothingness,are established in the relevant results of interwoven and the background of scientific.Presenting science problems needs different thoughts.