新视野下的因果关系与决定论——对于量子力学完备性争论的新理解

Causal Relationship and Determinism in Science——a new scientific philosophy interpretion to the quantum mechanics controversial

爱因斯坦与哥本哈根学派关于量子力学完备性的争论引发了科学界和科学哲学界的大讨论。在这场争论背后,对于"因果决定论"的理解是一个非常重要的哲学问题。本文通过对科学知识社会学学派和新经验主义学派的两个重要人物——布鲁尔和卡特赖特关于因果性与决定论的探讨,阐述了对于因果关系与决定论及其关系的新理解,得出了他们从不同进路否定了"因果关系"与"决定论"之间的简单对应关系的结论。对于我们重新认识量子力学的争论以及从方法论上把握科学认识活动中的确定性与不确定性、有限性与无限性的辩证关系提供了新的思路。

The debate about the maturity of quantum mechanics between Einstein and Copenhagen school has aroused the durative controversy in science and philosophy of science fields.The understanding of ＂theory of causal determination＂ is a very important philosophy problem behind this debate.This paper tries to analyse the causality and determination of the ideas of Bloor and Cartwright who belong to the sociology and science knowledge and new empiricism schools separately.And it deals with the new understandings of causality relation and determination from the sociology of scientific knowledge and scientific philosophy dimensionalities.Then it concludes that they negatived the simple parallelism relation between causality and determination from different approaches.Furthermore it provides us with new methods to understand the debate about quantum mechanics and to hold the dialectical relationship between certainty and uncertainty,finiteness and infiniteness about the scientific activities in the perspective of methodology.