1-磷酸鞘氨醇、鞘氨醇激酶与卒中

Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and stroke

1-磷酸鞘氨醇（sphingosine 1-phosphate，S1P）是鞘磷脂的一种代谢产物，广泛存在于各种类型细胞。S1P既可作为细胞外介质，又能作为细胞内第二信使，参与细胞生长、存活、增殖、分化、Ca^2＋动员等多种生理学过程。鞘氨醇激酶（sphingosine kinase，SPHK）是催化生成S1P的关键酶。S1P在中枢神经系统参与细胞凋亡、神经发生、免疫抑制、损伤修复等病理生理学过程，并与缺血性损伤、多发性硬化以及胶质细胞瘤等疾病密切相关。

Sphingosine 1-phosphate （S1P）, a sphingomyelin metabolite, exists in a variety of cell types. SIP involves in several physiological processes, such as cell growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, calcium mobilization, and it can be used both as an extracellular mediator and as an intracellular second messenger. Sphingosine kinase （SPHK） is the key enzyme that catalyzes and produces S1 P. It involves in the pathophysiological processes, including apoptosis, neurogenesis, immunosuppression, and injure repair in the central nervous system, and it is closely correlated with the diseases such as ischemic injury, multiple sclerosis and gliocytoma.